Conventional Paradigm Critiqued and Reformulated - MyAssignmenthelp

Comparative Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Similar Politics - Essay Example Be that as it may, realizing the exploration engaged with Comparative Politics, without a doubt Empirical Approach isn't just the most appropriate, yet in addition totally essential. Similar legislative issues is viewed as a region of serious and consistent research, attempting to stay aware of the world governmental issues, understanding complexities of universal connections and international strategies and discretions either prompting occasions or coming about because of them. The investigation of similar governmental issues, similar to the investigation of different sciences, has had its very own rationale, a formative example that joined explicit inquiries concerning the different countries and people groups on the planet, explicit information, and explicit issues, all inside a learning procedure that has taken a particular course and arrived at its very own working blend past, Lane (1997, p.2). It is significant as it is likewise the investigation of various societies, philosophies, countries and differing thinking forms. This is not quite the same as political accuracy and it doesn't anticipate all organizations and arrangements of all nations to be uniform. All things considered it commends the assorted variety, acknowledges eccentricities and the obscure and henceforth, progressively common and less oppressive. It doesn't delight in wording like brutes or outsiders. It includes looking at nations, their issues, financial turn of events and majority rule government, governments, military and totalitarian standards, fierce political contradiction and social unrests, unadulterated and half and half systems, foreseeing the vote based systems, peaceful political disputes and changes to vote based system, exhibitions of such vote based systems, plan of establishments, new difficulties, and at long last, there is a procedure to think about the correlations. It likewise includes in a straight connection between financial turn of events and popular governments, clarifications to equitable institutional exhibitions, positive and negative connections among belief systems and their foundations. Hard realities concerning history, financial matters, human science and legislative issues are found through empirism. It underscores the assortment of exact information and the thorough testing of hypothetical recommendation against this information. Experimentation: models or hypothesis were non-existent in conventional similar legislative issues, in any event at the degree of aim and acknowledgment. Ideas were frequently utilized with minimal methodological conversation concerning their definition and estimation, Bill and Hardgrave in Lane and Ersson (1994, p.2). As unanimity can't be built up in world governments, the interests and mentalities of persuasive gatherings that are running the organization in different nations must be concentrated under 'Relative Government' and for this procedure, there is no substitution of observational methodology. In examines concerning governmental issues, observational strategy gives all answers and offers bits of knowledge to get assorted variety. Aristotle, in his days, being upset by the infighting and flimsiness of States around him, causing ruin, had examined those administrations experimentally, by characterizing them into three gatherings and afterward, by partitioning them into further five gatherings, as per their prosperity and riches, authenticity, government and oppression. This is actually what the current day political specialist does by method of breaking down through observational strategies, gathering information, upgrading or consolidating the gathered confirmations and arranging them und er different gatherings, as per their belief systems, structures, organizations, political religions, societies, motivation and national

What You Need to Know About Essay Topics

What You Need to Know About Essay Topics'How They Did It' is an e-book that tells you everything you need to know about essay topics. You will learn why it is so important to have topic ideas for your essays and how to take a list of topic ideas and turn it into a cohesive essay. It is a comprehensive resource that teaches you about the tools and techniques that can help you write an essay successfully. It does not leave out the most important topic ideas.It also provides you with valuable advice and information that you need to have in order to succeed. It will give you knowledge on how to make your essay's much more effective than before. Most importantly, it tells you how to write a cohesive essay that will stand out from the others.The author, John W. Parry, talks about all the topic ideas that can be used for essay topics. These include all types of subjects and types of essay topics. He also lists and discusses various essay topics that are related to each other. He has done hi s research and he knows that topic ideas are the most effective.John W. Parry has created an e-book called 'How They Did It.' He discusses essay topics that students want to know about. If they only knew what topics are the most important, they would never have to worry about writing their essays.In this eBook, John W. Parry points out why topic ideas are the most important in essay topics. He states that it is essential to learn what topic ideas will produce the best results. This eBook will tell you what topics are relevant to the subject of your essays.He also explains why it is important to make sure that the essay will standout from the others. He gives examples of how well an essay can stand out. For example, he compares Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' with other works like Christopher Marlowe's play 'The Merchant of Venice.' The points he makes in the eBook help you to understand that writing about topics that are relevant to the subject of your essay will help you to produce good results.Essay topics are the most important part of an essay. These are the topics that will help you get credit for your hard work. You should not base your essay on another's. Instead, you should write about topics that will reflect your personality.You will definitely benefit from reading 'How They Did It' by John W. Parry. It will help you know which topics are important and useful for your essay. After reading this e-book, you will definitely go back to it often to keep yourself up to date with the latest essay topics.

Obesity in America Management and Control - 716 Words

Obesity in America: Management and Control Americans are among the heaviest people on earth. Not only are we getting fatter, but were doing it at a younger age. It is estimated that as many as one in five Americans is obese, a condition defined as being more than 30 percent above the ideal weight based on height. In the United States, obesity prevalence doubled among adults between 1980 and 2004 (Ogden, et al., 2007). By understanding the magnitude, causes, and impact of obesity has on our society we can find ways to control this widespread phenomenon. Health Promotion strategies offer a promising avenue for mitigating this problem. According to Fred Kuchler and Nicole Ballenger (2002) being overweight or obese are major public health problems costing society over a billion dollars annually and posing as large a threat of death as poverty, smoking, or problem drinking. Obesity is associated with a number of conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, certain cancers, and with increased risk of disability and a modestly elevated risk of all-cause mortality. The obesity problem did not occur overnight. In fact, it has been emerging for decades but only recently has it reached crisis proportions and grabbed national headlines. While Americans at the turn of the 20th century may have aspired to be plump, by now most people are aware of the health problems associated with excess weight. Diet books top the bestseller list, whileShow MoreRelatedObesity And The American Health Care System914 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is an epidemic that is putting uncomfortable strains on the American health care system. With just under two-thirds of the American adult population being overweight or obese, a lot of time and effort has gone into uncovering the causes of this rise in the weights of American citizens. Several theories have been developed to help solve the mystery of America’s rising size. Obesity cannot be traced back to a single factor, but rather many aspects have contributed to the rise of obesity inRead MoreFast Food in America16 64 Words   |  7 PagesFast Food in America People today have a need for speed. Everything has to be more convenient, and bigger. Humans are the super-sized rulers of the world, and people need it as fast as possible. This lifestyle has consequences; if one does not start taking charge, and fight these big corporations right now these mistakes will be too far reaching and irreversible. Because fast food is convenient, inexpensive, and is a cultural habit, people must stop eating it since it has increased health problemsRead MoreAnalyzing The Association Between Intake Of Different Types Of Beverages And Obesity Outcomes1301 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween intake of different types of beverages and obesity outcomes in children and adults. We found out that, SSB intake in both children and adults had the significant contribution to obesity outcomes. This positive association is consistent with previous studies reporting a strong positive dose-response relationship between intake of SSB and adiposity among Australian and Danish ch ildren (12, 21), and positive association between SSB intake and obesity in adults (5, 6). A recent study aiming to investigateRead MoreObesity Invasion Of The United States1247 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity Invasion An invasion is occurring right under America’s nose, it’s has spread like wildfire through the vast mountains of California. What is this invasion I speak of you may inquire? Well, it is expansion of the American’s waistlines that is soaring at such alarming rate it astounding. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention concedes that â€Å"obesity is affecting 1 out of every 3 adults and 1 in 4 children.† A study conducted by Ramon Martinez, a technical specialist in health metricsRead MoreObesity and Health Care Costs678 Words   |  3 PagesObesity in the Workplace Suzette B. Johnson Southern New Hampshire University Discrimination Against the Obese in the Workplace In the United States, there has been a substantial increase in obesity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in every American adult is now considered obese. Obese is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Obesity can contribute to diabetes, heart disease, stroke or certain kinds of cancer. What effect does obesityRead MoreObesity : The Growing Pain1566 Words   |  7 Pages102 April 10, 2015 Obesity: The Growing Pain in America Nowadays, people eat out a lot and not from a healthier perspective and food choice but from fast food restaurants like McDonalds, Burger King and among many others. Initially this was not so as parents found any time necessary to make meals at home rather than purchase any food at all which they considered to be the â€Å"last resort†. What has caused the increasing rate of childhood obesity in the past few decades? Obesity in children has becomeRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity878 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Obesity in America is rampant. According to the Centers for Disease Control, an estimated 78.6 million adults in the United States are obese. (Centers for Disease Control, 2015) Obesity is a factor in many chronic diseases such as Type II Diabetes, Heart Disease and Stroke. With sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition leading the way to America’s weight issue, retired and non-active duty veterans returning are not immune to the diagnosis of obesity and obesity-related illnesses. ProgramRead MoreResearch Paper First Draft: Is Obesity a Disease?986 Words   |  4 PagesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese. This fact effectively underscores the seriousness of the issue at hand. Further, it means that obesity is affecting millions of people in the U.S. alone (either directly or indirectly). As McKnight (2006) points out, one of the leading causes of death in America is physical inactivity. Physical inactivity coupled with other factors has been branded a leading cause of obesity. Every day, peopleRead MoreThe NEH Must Take Action to Reduce Obesity Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagespeople suffer from obesity related health problems. These statistics are shocking. At some point the government and the NEH has to step in and do something for the sake and health of citizens, specifically children. â€Å"Many researchers have theorized that media use by children, excessive snacking during media use, food-marketing practices in food advertisements, cross promotions, food away from home, supersizing and increased portion sizes can all contribute to childhood obesity† (Kavas). Due to theRead MoreObesity : A Health Policy Issue1153 Words   |  5 PagesPOLICY ANALYSIS PAPER OBESITY: A HEALTH POLICY ISSUE HSM 516 BY CHIKODILI FAITH OBI 913425038 SUBMITTED TO DR MEI WEN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SCIENCES OBESITY: A HEALTH POLICY ISSUE Obesity has greatly increased among adults, teenagers and children in America. Statistics has shown that about two in every three adult in America is Obese or over weight. The children and teenagers are not left out also; the obesity prevalence is three times what it was in the previous years between 1970s and 2000

Argumentative Essay Educational Reform - 703 Words

Argumentative Essay: Educational Reform Since the early 1980s, the issue of Americas faltering public school system has become a serious concern. The crisis in K-12 education is one of the biggest challenges facing the nation. There is a great deal of evidence to show this problem. The pathetically low results of American students through international test scores is one obvious fault. Another is the failure of many students to demonstrate their knowledge of basic skills and literacy. It is surprising that such a long time has passed without any sufficient effort put forth to correct the problem. Even more surprising, is the fact that some deny that such a problem exists. The failure of the nation to adequately educate the†¦show more content†¦Statistics show that wealthy school districts offer much better opportunities for their students. This increases the gap in the social status of America by educating the wealthy and leaving the others with the low paying jobs. This could quite possibly wipe out the en tire middle class, leaving a huge gap between the upper and lower classes. While we accept inequality as a problem, we have not yet acted upon it seriously enough. Until some serious action is taken, andShow MoreRelatedEssay On No Child Left Behind Act1247 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2004, coinciding with the conclusion of President George W. Bush’s first term in office, United States Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, released an essay depicting the successes of his administration. Paige’s department spearheaded the initiative sparked by the No Child Left Behind Act, a set of policies enacted to reform education and provide students with an improved degree of learning more suited to the evolving job market. Paige brings light to the findings of his administration, presentingRead MoreStandardized Testing Is A Crucial Part Of Today s Federal Education Structure Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesis to discern and debate both the necessity of and the role that multiple choi ce testing plays in teaching history. This subject is relevant to us as history teachers because it opens up the floor for discussions about the need to either continue, reform, or completely scrap multiple choice testing from the history standard of secondary education in today’s society. The discussions for this roundtable are stationed around six excerpts from different history education scholars. The centerpiece ofRead MoreThe Devastating Impacts Of Illegal Immigration1368 Words   |  6 Pages Sheldon Jackson Argumentative Essay â€Å"The Devastating Impacts of Illegal Immigration† If ever there was a polarizing problem growing in the U.S., illegal immigration is definitely exploding to the top. This issue is at the center of the political arena and debate. It has the heart and minds of the nation stirring. President Obama wrote, We have to deal with the 11 million individuals who are here illegally. We all agree that these men and women should have to earn their way to citizenshipRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Education Reform1906 Words   |  8 Pages Asehun 1 Senay Asehun Ms. McAlister Eng. 112 – 21 28 April, 2016 Argumentative Essay on Education Reform The year is 2012. In the movie Back to the Future II, two years from now, in 2016, Marty McFly travels from the past to save his family’s future. The future is almost upon us, and yet it would seem that our education system has changed little since Back to the Future hit theaters in 1985. â€Å"We still have same teachersRead MoreThe Immigrants Of The United States Of America1972 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay describes the obstacles undocumented immigrants in the United States of America can face such as finding a job and social isolation. As commonly found, these impediments prevent immigrants from the complete integration into the social life of the country and successful incorporation into the core American structures. The two prominent challenges discussed in this paper are federal regulations and laws and social assimilation into the community. There are many difficulties illegalRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagescreate a shelf list, construct a complete catalog in one alphabet, and build a subject catalog. Dewey wants to increase the hours the library is open from 15 per week to 14 per day. â€Å"It will,† Dewey states, â€Å"require more employees to carry out these reforms.† He estimates that the consolidation will eliminate two positions but that the recataloging and extended hours will require about eleven additional workers. Except for one employee whom he inherited from his predecessor, Dewey has been able to chooseRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesResolving Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving 392 SKILL ANALYSIS 405 Case Involving Interpersonal Conflict 405 Educational Pension Investments 405 SKILL PRACTICE 410 Exer cise for Diagnosing Sources of Conflict 410 SSS Software Management Problems 410 Exercises for Selecting an Appropriate Conflict Management Strategy Bradley’s Barn 419 Avocado Computers 419 Phelps,Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesdecisions is that they may have a negative impact on racial and ethnic groups.33 However, evidence suggests that â€Å"despite group differences in mean test performance, there is little convincing evidence that well-constructed tests are more predictive of educational, training, or occupational performance for members of the majority group than for members of minority groups.†34 Observed differences in IQ test scores by racial or ethnic group are smaller in more recent samples.35 The issue of racial differences

AIDS Whats new Essay Example For Students

AIDS Whats new ? Essay -Is the message getting through? We already know enough about AIDS toprevent its spread, but ignorance, complacency, fear and bigotry continue tostop many from taking adequate precautions. We know enough about how the infection is transmitted to protect ourselvesfrom it without resorting to such extremes as mandatory testing, enforcedquarantine or total celibacy. But too few people are heeding the AIDSmessage. Perhaps many simply dont like or want to believe what they hear,preferring to think that AIDS cant happen to them. Experts repeatedlyremind us that infective agents do not discriminate, but can infect any andeveryone. Like other communicable diseases, AIDS can strike anyone. It is notnecessarily confined to a few high-risk groups. We must all protect ourselvesfrom this infection and teach our children about it in time to take effectiveprecautions. Given the right measures, no one need get AIDS. The pandemic continues:Many of us have forgotten about the virulence of widespread epidemics, suchas the 1917/18 influenza pandemic which killed over 21 million people,including 50,000 Canadians. Having been lulled into false security by modernantibiotics and vaccines about our ability to conquer infections, the Westernworld was ill prepared to cope with the advent of AIDS in 1981. (Retro-spective studies now put the first reported U.S. case of AIDS as far back as1968.) The arrival of a new and lethal virus caught us off guard. Researchsuggests that the agent responsible for AIDS probably dates from the 1950s,with a chance infection of humans by a modified Simian virus found in Africangreen monkeys. Whatever its origins, scientists surmise that the diseasespread from Africa to the Caribbean and Europe, then to the U.S. Currentestimates are that 1.5 to 2 million Americans are now probably HIV carriers,with higher numbers in Central Africa and parts of the Caribbean. Recapping AIDS the facts:AIDS is an insidious, often fatal but less contagious disease than measles,chicken pox or hepatitis B. AIDS is thought to be caused primarily by a virusthat invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) especially T4-lymphocytes orT-helper cells and certain other body cells, including the brain. In 1983and 1984, French and U.S. researchers independently identified the virusbelieved to cause AIDS as an unusual type of slow-acting retrovirus nowcalled human immunodeficiency virus or HIV. Like other viruses, HIV isbasically a tiny package of genes. But being a retrovirus, it has the rarecapacity to copy and insert its genes right into a human cells own chromo-somes (DNA). Once inside a human host cell the retrovirus uses its ownenzyme, reverse transcriptase, to copy its genetic code into a DNA moleculewhich is then incorporated into the hosts DNA. The virus becomes an integralpart of the persons body, and is subject to control mechanisms by which itcan be switched on or off. But the viral DNA may sit hidden and inactivewithin human cells for years, until some trigger stimulates it to replicate. Thus HIV may not produce illness until its genes are turned on five, ten,fifteen or perhaps more years after the initial infection. During the latent period, HIV carriers who harbour the virus without anysign of illness can unknowingly infect others. On average, the dormant virusseems to be triggered into action three to six years after first invadinghuman cells. When switched on, viral replication may speed along, producingnew viruses that destroy fresh lymphocytes. As viral replication spreads, thelymphocyte destruction virtually sabotages the entire immune system. Inessence, HIV viruses do not kill people, they merely render the immune systemdefenceless against other opportunistic: infections, e.g. yeast invasions,toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr infections, massive herpesinfections, special forms of pneumonia (Pneumocystis carinii the killer inhalf of all AIDS patients), and otherwise rare malignant tumours (such asKaposis sarcoma.)Cofactors may play a crucial contributory role:What prompts the dormant viral genes suddenly to burst into action andstart destroying the immune system is one os th e central unsolved challengesabout AIDS. Some scientists speculate that HIV replication may be set off bycofactors or transactivators that stimulate or disturb the immune system. Such triggers may be genetically determined proteins in someones system, orforeign substances from other infecting organisms such as syphilis,chlamydia, gonorrhea, HTLV-1 (leukemia), herpes, or CMV (cytomegalovirus) which somehow awaken the HIV virus. The assumption is that once HIVreplication gets going, the lymphocyte destruction cripples the entire immunesystem. Recent British research suggest that some people may have a serumprotein that helps them resist HIV while others may have one that makes themgenetically more prone to it by facilitating viral penetration of T-helpercells. Perhaps, says one expert, everybody exposed to HIV can becomeinfected, but whether or not the infection progresses to illness depends onmultiple immunogenic factors. Some may be lucky enough to have genes thatprotect them form AIDS!Variable period until those infected develop antibodies:While HIV hides within human cells, the body may produce antibodies, but,for reasons not fully understood, they dont ne utralise all the viruses. Thepresence of HIV antibodies thus does not confer immunity to AIDS, nor preventHIV transmission. Carriers may be able to infect others. The usual time takento test positive for HIV antibodies after exposure averages from four to sixweeks but can take over a year. Most experts agree that within six months allbut 10 per cent of HIV-infected people seroconvert and have detectableantibodies. While HIV antibody tests can indicate infection, they are not foolproof. The ELISA is a good screening test that gives a few false positives andmore false negatives indicating that someone who is infected has not yetdeveloped identifiable antibodies.) The more specific Western Blot test, doneto confirm a positive ELISA, is very accurate. However, absence of antibodiesdoesnt guarantee freedom form HIV, as someone may be in the window periodwhen, although already infected, they do not yet have measurable levels ofHIV antibodies. A seropositive result does not mean someone has AIDS; itmeans (s)he is carrying antibodies, may be infectious and may develop AIDS atsome future time. As to how long seropositive persons remain infectious, theJune 1987 Third International Conference on AIDS was told to assume FORLIFE. What awaits HIV-carriers who test positive?:On this issue of when those who test HIV positive will get AIDS, expertsthink that the fast track to AIDS is about two years after HIV infection; theslow route may be 10, 15, or more years until symptoms appear. Mostspecialists agree that it takes at least two years to show AIDS symptomsafter HIV infection, and that within ten years as many as 75 per cent ofthose infected may develop AIDS. A report from Atlantas CDC based on ananalysis of blood collected in San Francisco from 1978 to 1986, showed asteady increase with time in the rate of AIDS development among HIV-infectedpersons 4 percent within three years; 14 percent after five years; 36percent after seven years. The realistic, albeit doomsday view is that 100percent of those who test HIV-positive may eventually develop AIDS. Hitchcock's Stylistic innovations EssayAIDS CANNOT BE PICKED UP CASUALLY via doorknobs, public washrooms, sharedschool books, communion coups, cutlery or even by food handlers with opencuts. A relatively weak virus, HIV is easily killed by a dilute 1 in 10solution of Javex/bleach, rubbing alcohol and other disinfectants. Even whereparents or caregivers have cleaned up HIV-infected blood, vomit or feces, HIVhas not been transmitted. It is perfectly safe to share a kitchen, bathroom,schoolroom or workbench with HIV-infected individuals. But it is inadvisableto share toothbrushes, razors, acupuncture needles, enema equip-ment or sharp gadgets, which could carry infected blood through the skin. ORDINARY, NONSEXUAL WORKPLACE AND CHILDHOOD ACTIVITIES DONT TRANSMIT AIDS. The rare exception might be direct blood-to-blood contact via cuts or woundsif infected blood (in considerable amounts) spills onto an open sore. Even insuch cases a swab with dilute bleach can kill HIV viruses. Not spread by mosquitoes and other insects:-Theres no evidence of HIV transmission by insects. Researchers report thatthe AIDS virus cannot multiply or survive inside a mosquito. The infectionpattern in Africa where children who are not sexually active might beexpected to have AIDS if mosquito bites were a real threat shows no sign ofinsect transmission. Vaccines still a way off:-Scientists caution that a safe, effective vaccine against HIV may be atleast a decade away, mainly because, like the influenza virus, HIV mutates(changes structure) quickly, producing different strains. (Several differentHIV strains have already been isolated.) An ideal vaccine must be able tostimulate neutralization of both free viruses and those hidden withinlymphocytes, such as T-helper cells. Researchers in various countries havedeveloped and are testing a few preliminary vaccines. One sub-unit vaccine,made from virus coat material (a glycoprotein) genetically cloned in aninsect virus (the baculovirus, which attacks moths and butterflies but nohumans) has been shown to stimulate an immune response in experimentalanimals. Another preliminary vaccine, produced by cloning modified Vacciniaviruses, containing a portion of HIV envelope, is about to enter clinicaltrials in New York. (It would be applies, like the old smallpox vaccine, intoa small scratch.) But to date no vaccine tried in animals or humans has beenshown to prevent AIDS. Testing no solution:Large scale, screening of the public for HIV antibodies offers little pro-tection because todays apparent negatives can become infected tomorrow ortest seropositive when antibodies develop in those already harboring HIV. Reliance on tests could lull people into false complacency. A false nega-tive result may fool someone into risky sexual behaviour. Curiously, despitea widespread demand for tests, especially among high-risk groups, a study inPittsburgh showed that 46 percent of a group of homosexual/bisexual mentested did not return for or want their antibody test results. Many healthexperts therefore believe that mandatory testing would be useless as HIVantibody tests only indicate exposure, not necessarily infectivity. As oneUniversity of Toronto virologist puts it: Widescale compulsory screening forHIV antibodies is not necessarily useful and will do nothing to promoteprevention or cure. Whats needed perhaps is more accurate knowledge aboutthe disease and more responsible behaviour rather than testing.Those who should consider testing might include people known to be at highrisk and any who think they may have been HIV-infected or who wish to betested and have discussed it with their physician. Wh ats needed, as with anyinfectious disease, is not more testing buy more precautions againstinfection. Message clear but still largely unheeded:Despite a veritable blitz of AIDS information, experts claim that too fewpeople are changing their lifestyles or behaviour sufficiently to protectthemselves from AIDS. A recent Canadian poll revealed widespread ignorance ofthe fact that AIDS is primarily a sexually acquired infection, not caught bycasual touch. The survey showed that although sexual intercourse amongadolescents has risen steeply in the past 10 years, less than 25 percent ofthose aged 18 to 34 have altered their sexual behaviour to protect them-selves against AIDS, i.e. by consistent use of condoms and spermicide. THE CENTRAL MESSAGE IS CLEAR: UNLESS ABSOLUTELY SURE (and monogamy is noguarantee) THAT YOUR SEX PARTNER IS HIV-FREE, USE A CONDOM (latex, not madeof animal material) plus a reliable spermicide (e.g. one containing nonoxyl-9). Studies with infected haemophiliacs show that condom use by a regular sexpartner reduces infection risks, compared to unprotected sex. And regularcondom use may bring the added reward of preventing other sexually trans-mitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia or unwanted pregnancy. Many educators say that, by whatever means, AIDS information must get outto young people at an early enough age for them to absorb it before becomingsexually active. Only by acting upon accurate AIDS information can peopleprotect themselves, their sex partners, families and ultimately society fromthis disease. Protection the only answer:The best way to avoid AIDS is to regard it as a highly lethal disease andpractice commonsense prevention. Avoiding infection is IN ONES OWN HANDS. People can protect themselves. To halt its spread, people are encouraged toobtain and apply accurate AIDS information to their living styles and sexualhabits in order to reduce the risk of getting or transmitting the virus. Sadly, health promoters claim that reaching the many who dont want to knowis no easy task. Health promoters suggest that educators must learn how andwhen to communicate AIDS information in the right way at teachablemoments. Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead indisseminating education about AIDS with largescale public awareness programs. What of the future?:Many virologists believe that since antibiotics became available in thelate 1940s we have become too complacent about viral infections, no longertake communicable disease seriously, and have modern medical schools whichdevote few teaching hours to anti-infective strategies. In fact, we stillknow little about retroviruses such as HIV. Perhaps special virology researchcentres, like the Virus Research Institute proposed for the University ofToronto, will help to halt the tragic toll of AIDS and other as yet unknownviruses waiting in the wings. For more information on AIDS or aid for AIDS call: local AIDS committees,Public Health Departments, or AIDS Hotlines (in Toronto 392-AIDS.)=============================================================================In everyday conversations, AIDS is usually a source for humour. For anybodywho is suffering from the disease there is very little humour. The bestprevention is not the thought that IT COULD NEVER HAPPEN TO ME, if that wasso all the insurance companies would be out of business. The most reliable person to be put in-charge of preventing you for gettingAIDS is YOURSELF!!!! T A K EP R E V E N T I V EP R E C A U T I O N S ! !============================================================================Thanks to the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine for the article.

Macbeth And Supernatural Essays (763 words) - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth And Supernatural In the play "Macbeth," there were many interesting sections which could be concentrated on due to the suspense and the involvement of the supernatural. The use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost, and the apparitions is a key element in making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Looking through each Act and Scene of the play, it is noticed that the supernatural is definitely a major factor on the play's style. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the future holds for Macbeth. "When the battles lost and won" (Act I, Scene I, l.4) was said by the second witch. It says that every battle is lost by one side and won by another. Macbeth's fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose his time of victory for the battle of his soul. After the prophecies of the witches' revealed the fate of Macbeth, the plan in which to gain power of the throne is brought up. The only way to gain power of the throne was for Macbeth to work his way to the throne, or to murder King Duncan. Murdering the king was an easier plan since the motivation in his dreams urged him on. Lady Macbeth also relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy of calling upon the evil spirits to give her the power to plot the murder of Duncan without any remorse or conscience (Act I, Scene V, ll.42-57). The three sisters are capable of leading people into danger resulting in death, such as the sailor who never slept (Act I, Scene III, ll.1-37). Lady Macbeth has convinced her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan. On the night they planned to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell to go up the stairs to Duncan's chamber. He sees the vision of the floating dagger. The interest of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil of the dagger being covered with blood. Then the bell rings and Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncan's chamber. Once the murder has been committed, eventually Banquo has his suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to have power of the throne. There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife that they decide to have Banquo killed. Macbeth and his wife attend a banquet in which a ghost appears. Once the murderer notified Macbeth that the deed was done, he observed the ghost of Banquo sitting in his regular seat. This caused Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his actions. (Act III, Scene VI, ll.31-120). The use of the supernatural has increased the suspense now that Macbeth is constantly relying on the prophecies of the three witches. Hecate, the Queen of witches is angry with the three sisters for not involving her in their encounters with Macbeth. The witches plan to lead Macbeth to his downfall by making him feel over-confident. (Act III, Scene V, ll.1-35). Further on in the play, Macbeth finds his way to the witches' cave and demands to know what lies ahead for him. The three witches predict what he is going to ask and produce the first apparition which is an armed head. "Macbeth!, Macbeth!, Macbeth!, beware of Macduff; beware thane of Fife. Dismiss me: enough." (Act VI, Scene I, ll.77-78). The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware of Macduff. Then the second apparition appears (a bloody child), and says: "Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth." (Act IV, Scene I, ll.85-87). This apparition informs Macbeth that no man born from a woman can harm him. finally, the last apparition appears and is a child crowned, with a tree in his hand. The apparition is saying that he will never be defeated until Great Birnam wood shall come against him to High Dunsinane Hill. "Be lion melted, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are: Macbeth shall never vanquish'd be until Great Birnam wood to High Dunsinane Hill shall come against him." (Act VI, Scene I, ll.98-102). These apparitions convinced Macbeth that this was his fate and became over confident, and lead him to his death. The use of the supernatural in Macbeth results quite